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Mathematics is the science of numbers and their combinations, operations, generalizations, and abstractions. Physics is a comprehensive natural science dealing with the interaction of matter and energy.

Robert Sasse ’19 looking through a microscope
Robert Sasse ’19 interns at Brown University Physics Department

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According to Vault, mathematics and physics research can be divided into the following areas:

Applied Mathematics

Applied mathematicians “use mathematical theories and principles to address real-world problems. They might create mathematical models to calculate the characteristics of new products, systems, or population trends.”

Theoretical Mathematics

Theoretical mathematicians work with pure and abstract mathematical concepts to expand and define the scope of mathematical knowledge.”

Experimental Physics

Experimental physics uses experiments to gather information.

Theoretical Physics

Theoretical physics constructs theories to explain experimental results.

To explore specific careers see, as well as options other than research for mathematics and physics majors see:

 is a platform that offers resources for your specific career path, including job search tips, opportunities, and information on employers within your industry of choice. Simply log in with LinkedIn or create an account using your vlog email address.

Prepare for Jobs and Internships

Information, tips, and strategies to help prepare you as an undergraduate.

  • Visit government laboratories or research centers to learn more about opportunities in the field. Schedule informational interviews to learn about the profession and specific career paths.
  • Join relevant professional associations. Attend meetings and stay up-to-date on research/publications.
  • Stay informed of new developments and current trends in the field.
  • Participate in summer research institutes. Submit research to local poster competitions or research symposiums.
  • A willingness to relocate is helpful due to limited opportunities in specialized areas.
  • Oral and written communication and interpersonal skills for sharing findings and collaborating with interdisciplinary teams
  • Computer skills and the ability to use scientific instruments and equipment
  • Critical thinking
  • Problem diagnosis and solving

Find Opportunities

  • A list of mathematics and physics job offerings in the United States and abroad.
  • Lists paid summer research and internships, scholarship opportunities, post-baccalaureate programs, and short-term opportunities.
  • From the American Institute of Physics; search by sector, degree, type of position, and more.
  • Mathematics/Engineering/IT postings frequently updated with links to applications for jobs in mathematics, engineering, and IT.
  •  is a platform that offers resources for your specific career path, including job search tips, opportunities, and information on employers within your industry of choice. Simply log in with LinkedIn or create an account using your vlog email address.

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Mathematics and Physics Adviser